![]() Type L conical washers are designed for use with unhardened screws. However, many other standard sizes are available.Ĭonical spring washers are used with screws to add spring take-up to screw elongation. Type B washers are of higher quality and are specified in narrow, regular, and wide diameters for each screw size from No. Type A washers are satisfactory for most assemblies. ![]() Type A is a series of steel washers with broad tolerances, where design refinement is not important. Two types of washers are defined for general use. This, in turn, reduces contact stresses and can thus reduce relaxation. Various kinds include flat, conical, and helical-spring washers, tooth or ribbed lockwashers, and special-purpose washers.įlat washers, also known as plain washers, provide a bearing surface for a nut or screw head, cover large clearance holes, and distribute fastener loads over a large area, particularly on soft materials. Washers are primarily used as a seat to distribute load, but they may also provide spring tension, span oversize holes, insulate, seal, or provide electrical connection. ![]()
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